Did someone at Stanford U. see “The Road to Perfect Health” PBS special? Now THIS is exciting! http://on.wsj.com/x0n5Yk

I know that way too often the articles that stimulate my comments border on the absurd – in my mind anyhow. FINALLY, in the WSJ (thank you Shirly S. Wang, author) – “A Gut Check for Many Ailments”.

Back in the late 90s, Dr. Michael Gershon (considered the ‘father of neurogastroenterology’) wrote about “The Second Brain”, where he credits two British scientists, Bayliss and Starling, with identifying the “law of the intestine” – peristalsis. This is a muscular movement which happens without direction from the brain. So the word about the important independence of the gut has been out, even if not well appreciated in modern times!

“The gut is important in medical research, not just for problems pertaining to the digestive system, but also problems pertaining to the rest of the body.” says Pankaj J. Pasricha, chief of the division of gastroenterology and hepatology at Stanford University School of Medicine. So encouraging to think a well-known training center for future physicians is expanding their awareness! How many more of you, in a few short years, will be able to finally find a doctor who doesn’t shake his/her head at your symptoms, or inform you it’s just “all in your head”!?

Dr. Gershon, a professor at Columbia University, was quoted to say “The brain is a CEO that doesn’t like to micromanage”. He would undoubtedly enjoy my reference to probiotics as your own body’s “GPS” – Gut Protection System”. Friends, we all know, don’t we, that the balance of bacteria in your gut determines the health of your your digestive system, and, in turn, the health of your entire body!

I’m so happy that Dr. Gershon recognizes that 95% of the serotonin in the body is made in the gut! Besides increasing peaceful and tranquil feelings, it was reported that serotonin is necessary for repair of cells in the liver and lungs, and plays a role in normal heart development and bone-mass accumulation. Definitely important functions beyond elimination, I would say.

How great it was to read that perhaps one day, Parkinson’s disease may be diagnosed and tracked through a routine colonoscopy, rather than an invasive brain biopsy! Apparently gut neurons may mirror the damage experienced by brain neurons, according to Pascal Derkinderen, a professor of neurology at Inserm, Frances national institute of health.

Sometimes, through the years of sharing my understanding of the gut – as a colonhydrotherapist, as a nutritionist/herbologist, as an author in book after book, and more recently on PBS through all the specials, I still feel as though I’m holding up a little candle in the dark. As I hear your stories of suffering, sometimes for months and years with gut issues, and your deep frustration when you can’t find a knowledgeable, compassionate doctor, my heart breaks….  And we move forward, changing diets together, cleansing, supporting, sharing — and we wait.

Today, after reading this WSJ article, I feel a surge of hope and joy!  Working together, you and I, we are educating with love and expanding an awareness of true health that will serve and heal for generations to come.

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Renew You Challenge

Let’s start this week off right!

Here is your newest weekly challenge (I mean opportunity!) to help set you off on the right foot and in the right direction for bringing health to your week. You could even add it to your calendar.  Join us! 

Fish has long been known as “brain food” because it contains the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both brain-healthy nutrients that must be obtained from the diet. Certain fish contain more heart-healthy omega-3s than others. Be sure you’re eating the right kind. Cold-water oily fish, like salmon, mackerel, sardines, and tuna contain high amounts of omega-3s.

A recent study from the University of Pittsburg found that people who eat baked or broiled fish at least once a week are at decreased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment (less-severe memory loss that may lead to Alzheimer’s). The decreased risk was associated with increases in grey matter in certain areas of the brain associated with memory—the hippocampus, posterior cingulate, and the orbital frontal cortex.

A previous study, presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions in 2009 found that eating baked or boiled fish gave better heart-healthy omega-3 benefits than eating fried, salted or dried fish. So how you cook the fish makes a difference.

One thing I always caution, however, is to be careful of the mercury content of certain fish. Take for example albacore tuna—yes, it contains a lot of omega-3s, but it’s also high in mercury. Not the best option, especially on a regular basis! Sardines and salmon tend to be some of the best sources of omega-3s low in mercury.

If you want to be sure to get the heart healthy omega-3s, but don’t want to eat so much fish, or risk consuming too much mercury, take a high-quality, purified, concentrated fish oil supplement. Look for the International Fish Oils Standard (IFOS) icon to be sure the product is certified to exceed world standards for fish oil purity.

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Fish high in omega-3 oils provide a rich source of the fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). DHA is a physiologically-essential nutrient in the brain and retina where it is found in high concentrations. For this reason fish oil rich in DHA is particularly beneficial for the eyes and brain. EPA is especially helpful for reducing inflammation. Together, EPA and DHA have been found to be helpful in a host of health conditions.

Recently, a couple studies have been published highlighting the visual benefits of fish oil. In one study involving 38,022 women, regular consumption of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA found in fish was associated with lower risk of developing age-related macular degeneration, which is a condition in older people that gradually destroys central sharp vision. Women who regularly consumed fish had a 42 percent lower risk.

The second study evaluated the way that omega-3 fatty acids work. The study found an effect that promotes healthy blood vessel growth while inhibiting abnormal blood vessel growth. Both retinopathy and macular degeneration involve abnormal blood vessel growth. Researchers isolated the compound which exhibited this effect—a metabolite of the omega-3 DHA.

Currently, an ongoing study through the National Eye Institute is underway looking at the benefits of fish oil supplements in people with age-related macular degeneration, and another study in Sweden is investigating the effects of omega-3 supplementation in premature infants who are deficient in omega-3 to determine if the supplement reduces the development of retinopathy. If so, this will lead to more studies.

The science behind EPA and DHA from fish oil span a wide range of health conditions, which highlights the importance of these oils for the body’s optimal function.

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The gut-brain axis involves the connection of the gut to the brain. This connection goes in both directions—from the brain to the gut and from the gut to the brain. In one way, the gut-brain axis is connected by the vagus nerve—a large nerve connecting the brain to the intestines and other organs. The vagus nerve both sends messages to various organs, and also receives messages from these organs—including the gut—to send to the brain. A new study has established the vagus nerve as a main form of communication from the gut bacteria to the brain.

In an animal model, researchers were able to show that mice fed the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 showed less stress-, anxiety-, and depression-related behaviors than did mice not fed the bacteria. Further, the probiotic mice had lower levels of the stress hormone corticosterone, and they also experienced changes in the expression of receptors of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the brain—highlighting the ability of probiotics to directly affect brain chemistry under normal conditions.

This is an early study that will need to be replicated in humans, but studies like these pave the way for our understanding of the complexities of the gut connection. Did you ever think your gut could have such an effect on your health? If you read my blog regularly, I sure hope so!

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Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 50 to 80 percent of all dementia cases. Dementia involves memory loss and other impaired intellectual abilities, all of which interfere with everyday life. Though most people with Alzheimer disease are over 65 years, up to five percent have early-onset Alzheimer’s, which usually appears during the mid-40s or 50s.

Beta-amyloid is a peptide found in plaques in the brains of people with Alzheimer disease. For a long time, it has been thought that beta amyloid-played a causative role in the neural degeneration of the disease. This may be a mistaken belief, however, as highlighted by a recent Phase III clinical trial on the anti-amyloid drug semagacestat. Patients in this trial were expected to improve on this drug, which interferes with the production of gamma-secretase, the enzyme that produces beta-amyloid. Instead, the drug “did not slow disease progression and was associated with worsening of clinical measures of cognitions and the ability to perform activities of daily living,” according to a press release put out by the drug manufacturer, pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly. The trial was stopped before completion.

As it turns out, beta-amyloid is an antimicrobial peptide, and is suggested to be secreted by the brain in self-defense against infectious pathogens, as David Perlmutter, M.D. stated at the Institute for Functional Medicine’s 20^th Symposium this past summer. We know beta-amyloid plaque builds up in the brain in people with Alzheimer disease, but what if its presence was a self-defense mechanism rather than the actual root cause of Alzheimer’s?

In a recent study by researchers at Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, we may have our answer. The researchers stated, “Rather than beta-amyloid acting as a sole independent initiator of neuroinflammation, our data raise the possibility that the peptide may be part of a response mounted by the innate immune system. An absence of the peptide may result in increased vulnerability to infection.”¹

Two main pathogens are implicated as possible triggers of Alzheimer disease: Herpes simplex virus 1, the virus known for causing cold sores of the mouth, and found in about 90 percent of all adults; and Chlamydia pneumonia, the respiratory bacteria known to cause pneumonia.

In one study, the presence of anti-HSV IgM antibodies was found to be an even bigger risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease than even the “Alzheimer’s gene” APOE4 allele.² In describing how Herpes may lead to Alzheimer’s, the researchers state, “Recurrent reactivation of HSV might act as a potent stimulus to the brain microglia, increasing the level of cytokines and initiating a positive feedback cycle that gives rise to an increasing accumulation of pathological changes.”

DNA from HSV1 and from Chlamydia pneumoniae has been found in the brains of people with Alzheimer disease.^3,4 HSV1 was found in specific areas affected by Alzheimer’s, and Chlamydia was actually cultured from brain samples taken from recently-deceased Alzheimer’s patients, indicating the virus was alive in the brain.

Chlamydia pneumonia is also known as the “heart attack” bacteria, found in the intraclavicular space/fluid between gums and teeth. The best prevention for this, incidentally, is the use of Plaquers dental floss; dental floss with a handle. When the bacterium is found, orthodontal work should be performed. People with high levels of hs C-reactive protein (a marker of inflammation in the body) are at particular risk for mouth infection with C. pneumoniae bacteria. C. pneumoniae is associated with heart disease because it is also commonly found in the soft plaques of people who die of acute heart attack.

Dr. Perlmutter recommends L-lysine and vitamin D3 supplementation, in addition to a diet high in lysine, which includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, cheese, yoghurt and fish, and is low in tofu and other soy foods high in arginine. It is thought that activation of the virus, as with cold sore outbreaks, is a sign the virus might be active in other areas, like the brain. Preventing this may be helpful for people with Alzheimer’s.

So, why do people get infections in the first place, and why do these infections get activated? Well, lack of vitamin D, which is more common than most people realize, and uncontrolled blood sugar levels and insulin resistance, both triggered by a diet high in refined carbohydrates and sugar, are factors which affect both cellular and adaptive immunity, making us more prone to viral and bacterial infections.

It is important to note that there is much more to this story than infections. Alzheimer disease is a multifactorial “perfect storm” of triggers—usually inflammatory triggers—that interact and overlap, creating the final neurodegeneration of Alzheimer’s. Infectious triggers are just one small piece to this puzzle. For general protection against Alzheimer’s, remove sugar from the diet, reduce saturated fat intake, and incorporate vitamin D, omega-3 fish oil, pre- and probiotics, fiber and digestive enzymes. Be sure to sleep well, eliminate regularly, get plenty of exercise and be happy.

References

1. Soscia SJ, et al., “The Alzheimer’s disease-associated amyloid beta-protein is an antimicrobial peptide.” PLoS One. 2010 Mar 3;5(3):e9505.
2. Letenneur L, et al., “Seropositivity to herpes simplex virus antibodies and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based cohort study.” PLoS One. 2008;3(11):e3637.
3. Itzhaki RF and Wozniak MA, “Herpes simplex virus type 1 in Alzheimer’s disease: the enemy within.” J Alzheimers Dis. 2008 May;13(4):393-405.
4. Gerard HC, et al., “Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae in the Alzheimer’s brain.” FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006 Dec;48(3):355-66.

Leonard Smith, M.D.
Dr. Leonard Smith is a prominent Board-Certified, general, gastrointestinal and vascular surgeon who had a successful private practice for 25 years. In addition to his active surgery practice, he also incorporated lifestyle, diet, supplementation, exercise, detoxification, and stress management into many of the therapies he would prescribe. Many of his patients with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other serious illnesses did so well under his treatment regimes that he began to devote most of his career to foundational health care and preventive medicine.

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According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 12 percent of children aged 2 to 19 years are obese—triple the number it was in 1980. This increase is attributed, in part, to the Standard American Diet (SAD), a poor diet high in refined carbohydrates, bad fats, and sugar, and low in high-fiber foods like whole grains and fruits and vegetables.

A recent study takes a look at fat intake of pregnant women and fat accumulation in their children by age 3. Specifically, the study looked at the status of two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—omega-6 and omega-3. These fats are both essential to the diet. The Standard American Diet is very high in the omega-6 fatty acids, found in vegetable oils and grains like corn. Omega-3 fatty acids, however, are not consumed in adequate amounts, creating an imbalance in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3s.

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) found primarily in fish, promote optimal development of the fetal brain and immune system. Many women in the U.S. do not consume enough of these beneficial omega-3s. In a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers assessed mid-pregnancy intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and tested plasma fatty acid levels of the mother and umbilical cord fatty acid levels of the infant to determine omega-3 status. At age 3, body mass index (BMI) and skin fold measurement were taken to determine obesity in the children.

The odds of obesity in 3-year-olds were two to four times higher when cord blood had a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. When maternal intake of omega-3s was higher, or when the omega 3/6 ratio was closer to recommended levels, the odds of childhood obesity were lower.

It has long been known that omega-3s, especially DHA, are necessary for brain development of the fetus and infants. The study also found that only three percent of mothers consumed the recommended 200 mg of DHA per day in the last month of pregnancy, when DHA is most rapidly transferred from the mother to fetus. This study is building the evidence that omega-3 fatty acids provide a variety of benefits for infants and children that go beyond brain and eye development.

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The gut-brain connection is an interesting one because it travels in two directions—from the brain to the gut and from the gut to the brain. For the longest time this connection was thought to only travel in one direction, from the brain to the gut, like when strong emotions trigger an upset stomach. But researchers now know that what happens in your gut has an effect on your brain.

One recent study at the Stanford University School of Medicine tried to elucidate this connection. According to one of the researchers, “Gastric irritation during the first few days of life may reset the brain into a permanently depressed state.” Genetic susceptibility also plays a role, of course, since not all stomach upsets will lead to depression, but this connection is interesting.

The gut is connected directly to the brain by the vagus nerve, and even has a nervous system of its own—the enteric nervous system. This connection between the gut and the brain allows for close communication. Many studies are finding that the gut has a major effect on the brain. I have blogged about it before. More than once.

The researchers used an animal model of functional dyspepsia, also known as indigestion, to determine that stomach irritation early in life can lead to depressed and anxious behaviors that last much longer than the indigestion itself. Their findings will lead to more studies to investigate how this gut brain connection works, and if new ways can be found to treat depression and anxiety in humans, based on the gut-brain link.

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The gut-brain connection is fascinating. It involves an intimate communication between the gut and the brain, and it goes in both directions—from the brain to the gut, and from the gut to the brain. I mean, isn’t it cool that what happens in your gut can affect your brain?

Yet another study looking at the gut-brain connection has found that gut bacteria are associated with anxiety. The researchers used an animal model to study this link, as it is easier to work out the details of these connections in animal models. Researchers found that antibiotic treatment altered the normal gut bacterial count, producing a change in behavior—the mice became anxious. They also experienced an increase in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), linked to anxiety and depression. When the antibiotics were stopped, behavior returned to normal.

To take this one step further, the researchers added gut bacteria from mice genetically prone to be passive, to mice prone to be more active and exploratory, and vice versa. They found that by giving the mice a different set of bacteria, the mice began to behave as the mice from which the bacteria were originally isolated. One of the researchers stated, “these results lay the foundation for investigating the therapeutic potential of probiotic bacteria and their products in the treatment of behavioral disorders, particularly those associated with gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome.”

Like I said, the gut-brain connection is fascinating.  Did you know your gut had so much power over your health?

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Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil are high in EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). These fatty acids have been associated with heart health, joint health, brain health, gut health… the list goes on and on. The two often go hand in hand, and for most conditions, researchers don’t know the perfect ratio of EPA to DHA. But for infant health, DHA is the fatty acid that shines.

DHA is most concentrated in the brain and the retina, which is why it’s been found to be helpful in these areas of the body. In infants, DHA has been found to help improve brain development when pregnant mothers get high amounts, and when infants receive it from breast milk or supplemented formula.

Two new studies add to the science behind DHA for new mothers. One study in preterm infants found that high doses of DHA in baby formula or breast milk resulted in greater growth rate of the head, which was associated with increased mental development—both important factors when considering pre-term infants who are at a developmental disadvantage.

The second study found that pregnant women who took fish oil high in DHA had fewer symptoms common to postpartum depression. Considering 25 percent of new mothers experience postpartum depression, this is good news. More studies will be done to determine just how and why DHA works in this way, but the results are promising. Fish oil supplements are a great source of DHA, but look for a formula that has IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) certification to ensure that you’re getting the purest fish oil.

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 Renew You Challenge

Let’s start this week off right!

Weekly challenge (I mean, opportunity!) to help set you off on the right foot and in the right direction for bringing health to your week. You could even add it to your calendar. Join us!

When Prevention Magazine is touting it, you know people are listening—cell phone radiation is hazardous to our health. The National Institutes of Health has reported that cell phone radiation increases the amount of glucose in the area of the head closest to the phone.

Researchers haven’t confirmed just what this might mean to our health, but to be safe, they recommend using the speaker phone feature or a hands-free device (just not Bluetooth, which still releases some electromagnetic radiation) when talking on the phone. Maybe even more important, they recommend that children text instead of talk when possible because children absorb the radiation at a higher rate due to their thinner skulls.

We’re so glued to our phones these days, but they haven’t been around long enough to really tell us what damage we might be doing to our brains. So this week, take note of how much you talk on your cell phone, and see what you can do to minimize it, use the speaker phone, or wait until you get to a land line. Your brain will thank you one day.

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