Digestive Care Expert Brenda Watson

Cleansemore Usage

avatar

Please consider registering
guest

Log In Register
> Encryption password!

Register | Lost password?
Advanced Search:

— Forum Scope —



— Match —



— Forum Options —




Wildcard usage:
*  matches any number of characters    %  matches exactly one character

Minimum search word length is 4 characters - maximum search word length is 84 characters

Topic RSS
Cleansemore Usage
February 6, 2012
4:21 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline
20

Great report, Robbie! Hooray!!!

Here's where you can find info about the gluten sensitivity testing – http://www.enterolab.com. I also speak about it here http://blog.brendawatson.com/f…..s-first-1/

Let me know what you think about Wheat Belly, once you read it. I've been suggesting a wheat/gluten free diet for some time now. I actually was very grateful to interview Dr. Davis for my new book (not out yet).

Although gluten free foods can spike the blood sugar (you'll read this in Dr. Davis' book), they are still miles better than ones with wheat/gluten. There are 2 companies that you can probably find that make breads you might like – they both tend to be in the frozen section – sometimes at your local grocery store. Rudi's and Udi's (I'm not kidding – hahaha about the similar names – interesting that Udi's is in Denver, CO and Rudi's is in Boulder, CO — and that's all I know!) They both have multi-grain breads that are very similar to bread that you are used to.

As always, let me know how it goes~

Brenda  

February 6, 2012
4:36 am
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Hi Brenda,

Thank you for your reply and time, I most appreciate it..am starting to feel better, more like myself, but still have the kidney thing to deal with, am returning to physio and some social activities as well. People say I look good… which is nice to hear.

Funny you should mention, and am curious why you thought of the wheat/gluten thing, I had a friend suggest that to me as well, do you recall the bloodwork test name I can get or ask my doctor for, I know its available, just can't think of it.

I just reserved that book you mentioned at the library, will be a few weeks before it comes in, but I will definately take a look at it..

Hoping to find a tastey non gluten non wheat bread that I can afford, I only eat 2 slices a day normally, and lately my stomach is just killing me, especially today, feels like a stomach ache, but is near where the spleen resides, so I don't know?? arms up in the air, LOL

If you don't mind I will report back her, let me know. As I appear to be stabilizing finally, my friends are noticing it, I can do things and not be so pooped, am gonna get the okay to start cycling again, the weather has been so nice and Ive missed so much of it!

I agree it has been 1 after another, but when this subsides if there isn't anything major like that for another 10 years that would be great!

Had a MRI for my Syring, middle back and no change for 3 years, so thankfull, the outcome of stage 3 isn't pleasant. so thats good news to report to you..

Had a EMG done on my arms also, every 2 years monitoring, only mild nerve damage from my neck issues, my neurologist says its nothing to worry about, let her worry about it and she will let me know when I need to worry about….so thats good news to report to you!

Am using a product, Deep Penetrating or something, strictly menthol for the pain in my hips, back (entire) n neck an knees, lol, bathing in it, but it helps temporarily and has no adverse side effects and am not throwing away pads or anything into the environment, which I like, but I wish there was something I could take…am cheating with some tylenol 8 hr for bedtime, cause without sleep, Im nowhere! and yes my doctor knows this…

Thanks for listening..friend Laugh

January 26, 2012
3:55 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline
18

Dear Robbie,

I'm so sorry to hear of all your troubles! One thing after another it seems.

Thanks so much for your confidence in me and for keeping in touch. Your issues are far too complex for an email forum at this point, however. Before I can offer much else, you will definitely need to stablilize.

One thing that is really coming up for me, which will only be helpful for you – eliminate gluten/wheat from your diet entirely, and buy the book "Wheat Belly" by William Davis MD. He's a cardiologist, and his book is a NY Times Bestseller. I just have a feeling you will benefit from the information – a lot.

Good job, continuing to drink water. I'm sure your kidneys appreciate that!

Let me know how you do, my friend.

Brenda

January 25, 2012
6:20 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Hi Brenda, haven't been well since our last communication 34 days of fevers n sweats finally lead us to diagnosis of MONO, and on top of which at my age 50! which isn't that common for mono, over did it with the tylenol and advil, some kidney damage. So I've had to backoff on my supplements and medications, anything filtering through my kidneys, which is almost everything..keeping my magnesium levels up as I don't need to add contstipation to my current situation.. It has been 11 weeks now, fevers have subsided for a few weeks now, thankfully!! lost 14lbs, am slowly gaining some back…I have a small kidney stone, luckily it isn't blocking the duct and there is no pain from it…yet! So I can't take any anti-inflammatories without them causing me to have a fever, so am dealing with pain again! Tylenol doesn't do much. I have migraine meds for really bad head pain…

Any susggestions for kidney restoration? Im still sleeping alot, about 10 hours a day, we do not know if it is the Mono or from the kidneys as my hemoglobin is low, so lower oxygen going around my body, so am quite tired and get pooped easily…kidney specialist appointment isn't till March 16th…have done the usual Creatine bloodwork numerous times and urine collections, etc…the creatine in  my blood is still really high… my input is equalling my output, my test quantity for 24 hours was 3 litres, so thats good, they were impressed, drinking lots of water and have backed off the calcium for sure..I've been drinking the probiotic daily yohgurt drinks with 10,000,000 active bacterias every day since all this began with the fevers etc…and have continued to do so..

So it hasn't been fun for past months..to say the least….and admist all this, had 2 Afib attacks with E.R. visits…. I now have what they call "pill in the pocket" if I have another Afib attack, I have medication to take "on demand" ….

Suggestions my friend?? thank you for your time.

October 18, 2011
2:10 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline
16

Dear Robbie,

Your pharmacist is aware of what other drugs you may be taking and he would be the one to ask about side effects, as you did. Good job. Generally, magnesium is very safe, and if you aren’t experiencing the obvious diarrhea that can occur, and your bowel is regular, good for you!

Always remember your fiber – 35 grams a day – which absorbs toxins and sweeps your colon and promotes regularity. I know you know this – you have the Fiber 35 Diet book – and I just wanted to remind you how important that part of your program is.  http://blog.brendawatson.com/g…..r-disease/

Glad you’re doing great!

Brenda

October 17, 2011
1:20 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Thanks Brenda,

Also wanted to advise I am basically off the cleansmore now, but have added an additional 500mg of Magnesium in the evening because of the obvious -  without obvious side effects I might add, so thats an total of 1000mg added to my regime. My pharmacist says some people experience loose stools/bowels to diahrea, sorry for my spelling, but I don't are there any other possible side effects I should be made aware of…especially any to do with the heart?

I will follow up on my health status in a month or so and let you know how I am doing with any noticeable changes etc….

Again, I truly appreciate all the help and knowledge and personal care I have received from you Brenda, your my #1 and I tell everyone that, anyone that will listen that is, LOL, have a great day!

Oh, n FYI, the sale products weren't stale dated or anything, just a promotion at a local store here, comparible to your "Target" department stores in the US.

Robbie

October 10, 2011
1:52 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline
14

Dear Robbie,

It sounds like you got a heck of a deal!

The minimum EPA/DHA per day is approximately 490 EPA and 244 DHA (as seen on Renew Life Norwegian Gold Critical Omega).

Whatever combination of the 2 that comes close to this will hopefully be fine.

You also want to make sure that the quality of the fish oil is the highest available, and has been tested free of all impurities (toxins and metals).

Happy Canadian Thanksgiving to you!

Brenda

October 10, 2011
3:16 am
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Hi Brenda,

Unfortunately I had an Afib attack on Saturday night and had to goto the emergency, fortunately medication stabilized my heart and didn't have to be defribrilated…..

On positive side, I picked up some Oils, Nature's Bounty Brand, 1 called Omega-3, the other Wild Salmon, both are pretty much the same thing, both were on for 2 for 1 sale and one was even cheaper than the other, so I figured a total of 2 a day, 1 tablet of each taken with each meal would be good and the quantities I got, 180 bottles, 2 for 1, I have enough for a year now…and I got the okay from the pharmacist even with the new heart med.

The active ingredients are:

Omega 3:

Fish Oil 1000mg

260mg of combined Dha / Epa

Wild Salmon (cheaper of the 2 by $4):

1000mg Plus Fish Oil (it says)

120 DHA

180 EPA

 

Any good? one better than the other? your thoughts? thanks for your time and trouble my friend! Happy Canadian Thanksgiving! Laugh

October 4, 2011
12:43 am
avatar
Robbie
Guest
October 3, 2011
10:13 am
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline
11

Dear Robbie,

So glad to hear it is working, yeah, keep up the good work, you are on the right track.  Doing one thing at a time is fine as you will see the effect of each.  Let me know how you progress.

Brenda

September 28, 2011
11:56 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest
10

Hi Brenda,

It has been some time since my last update.

I am still on 1 cleansemore daily, but have add an additional 500mg of
Magnesium to my daily regiment and have noticed a big difference in bulk and
texture of BM. I have fear of course of removing the last cleansemore as I did
experience some constipation when reducing from 2 to 1 daily till I added the
extra Magnesium. That will be my next step and hurdle to cross. So I put my
September cleanse on hold during all of this bowel correction, just FYI. I
picked up some Magnesium Citrate 150mg, in case I don't need the full 500mg
dosage so I can play with the numbers to suit me…I will be looking into the
oils supplement either today or tomorrow I don't like to make many changes at
one time, I like to see what is effective and going to work for me, by trial
and error method. So far so good.

So thank you again for your help, wisdom, patience and kindness. I am so
glad you are here and have this venue to share your knowledge with people like
me who would otherwise go on suffering at the hands of doctors or medications..

I will further update you in a month or so.

Robbie

August 26, 2011
3:24 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline

Dear Robbie,

no problem, as far as the oils, check with the pharmacist and make sure the oils can be taken with the specific meds and they will not interfere at all.  I would think they would be ok, but just make sure.  Yes, you could do 400 mg more of magnesium in addition to the cal/mag formula you are taking.  

Brenda 

August 23, 2011
11:59 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Hi Brenda,

I didn't mean to be evasive, just I am the type that I don't want to sound like I am a whiner, and go on and on about my pills and illnesses, so  I apoligize if I lead you astray… the anti-inflammatory's and muscle relaxants are relatively new to my life say 2 years, the constipation has been chronic all my life, I get muscle spams in my back and tightening which leads to pain n migraines, so its all preventative maintenance, I also have a Syrinx in the middle of my spine which is phase 1, and we are watching for change, yearly MRI, I am scheduled to attend the "Pain Clinic" we have here, after a 2 year wait list, next month…my neuroligist has put me on topiramate I think its called, its an anti-seizure, but the side effects are great with pain management and sleep aid & ward of migraines…this is new just in the past 3 months, and she is hoping this will replace the muscle relaxant and the anti-inflammatory, its nice not having headaches!! when I was having them daily for so many months…

Anyways, thank you for the information…I did receive an email from your assistant, unfortunately thus far everything is for the United States and I live in Canada. So I have advised her that and am awaiting any other further possibilities…

Thankyou for the direction with the oil supplement, FYI, I don't eat a lunch, just a breakfast type meal then a supper type meal then a snack so it would have to be with my supper meal time, so there would be no problem mixing the oils with my medications and supplements that I take at suppertime which I stated previously?  Also if I go with the Oils, do I not need the added magnesiums then, you never mentioned anything in regards to intake quantities etc….

Thank you for your time,

Robbie

August 23, 2011
3:59 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline

Dear Robbie,

In your previous emails you mention losec but not that you are also on muscle relaxants and pain meds.  Any one of those, but more so in combination, will lead to chronic constipation.  Just so your aware this is the most likely source of your constipation issue.  You can try getting off the cleansemore as we discussed but you may need it to counteract the meds.  

Part I of the CleanseSmart is to be taken on an empty stomach but Part II -which is basically the CleanseMore – just states to take it in the evening.  You can still do the CleanseSmart next month but you may not need both the Part II and the CleanseMore. 

The oils are best taken with a bigger meal than just a shake.  I would do either with lunch or dinner. 

Ground flax seeds are great but will not give you the EPA/DHA that fish oil does.

Brenda

August 22, 2011
10:46 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Hello Brenda,

Thank you again for your reply and all your help, I appeciate it.

Any suggestions on how much more magnesium I should take on top of my curent dosage? and I hadn't mentioned I split my pill/supplement intake into 2 takings.. at supper I take my multi vitamin, (2) 1000mg Vit C time released 1 Cal/Malg 350/175, anti inflammatory, muscle relaxant, and lowsec, n later on I take 1 more Vit C, and 3 Cal/Mag, anti inflammtory, muslce relaxant, n medication to help me sleep and ward off migraines and pain maintenance, thus far working well…and those are taken with some fibre1 bar and some hummus and triscuits and water…so you have the full story…I have chronic pain from DDD, disc degenerative disease in my neck and lower back, plus scoliosis, osteo arthritis, yada yada yada, I could go on.. I normally take the cleansemore 3 hours after supper. NOW, I am truly embarrassed, I am sure I read while doing the cleanse, to take the cleansemore 3 hours after supper and on an emptly stomach and not to eat anything for 30 mins, so thats what I have been doing for the past 2 years, haaahahhahahaa, I recall with the smartcleanse, having to take something 30 mins prior to eating, am I mistaken? I am do to cleanse next month…or do you suggest me holding off with me taking the cleansmore on an extended basis….

When would be the best time, in consideration to the above medication / food times would be the best time to take the oil supplement. Can I take with my frozen fruit smoothie shake in the morning? I also forgot to mention I use ground golden flax seed in my smoothie each day as well, roughly 5-6 teaspoons, thoughts on that? along with my smoothie I have 2 pieces of whole grain or ancient grains toast…

I've never tried enzymes, but often thought of doing so. …thinking that it might help with bloating and gas and flatulence etc…

I thank you for the offer of coupons and will do as you suggested. Thank you Brenda, very kind of you.

Day 3, single cleansmore, sucess, didn't think I was going to have the trigger this morning, but I did….

Robbie

August 22, 2011
1:33 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline

Dear Robbie,

Yes it is the same type of magnesium you just may need to take a little more than what is in your combination cal/mag formula.  

Digestive enzymes are not the same thing as probiotics.  Yes I could have mentioned enzymes as well, but was sticking to things more closely associated with resolving constipation.  Although enzymes are necessary for breaking down your food and absorption of nutrients and can help, probiotics are more closely related to what is going on in the colon. 

You do not have to take cleansemore on an empty stomach – sounds like the capsules are getting stuck at the bottom of the esophagus area – you can take with a bit of food and see if that resolves the situation all together. 

The oils I mention would be in supplement form – The Norwegian Gold line from Renewlife.  If you send your address and a little note to my assistant at bvalen@renewlife.com I will see about coupons.  I do not know off the top of my head if we have any active coupons on oils at this time.  

Brenda Watson

August 19, 2011
1:05 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Hello Brenda,

Thank you so much for your personal reply, I truly appreciate you taking the time. Laugh 

I mentioned I am taking the Cal/Mag, which is Calcium Magnesium, is that different fromt he Magnesium you are suggesting to me in your reply?

I am open to weaning off as you mentioned, and trying something different as well. I thought you might have pointed me to digestive enzymes actually or is that similiar to probiotics..I have yohgurt daily, roughly about 200ml, just fyi….

re. "now I have not heard of anyone reacting to cleansemore with heartburn or feeling burning in the stomach, but it may be that you could have that with any herbal supplement if you do not take with enough water.  You mentioned you drank more water with the capsules and did that resolve the problem?"   I find, not all the time and not just lately, that after taking the pills that I feel some discomfort in my upper chest, lower throat, nothing in my stomach, and that would of been with a glass of water already 8oz, so then I would take more water, make 6oz, and that would subside, but it really wouldn't go away till I would eat my snack 30 mins later, either fruit or a bran muffin…then later on fibre1 bar then some garlic hummus with rye/caraway triscuits..

As to when I noticed the difference in the change in my stool would of been last fall, I had like an eye/ear infection thing happening and took anitbiotics (first time since the 90s), and couldn't believe it!!!! my stools changed to big and bulkly, went through a variety of color changes too during the medication period, but then diminished to what I have now, loose n soggy, small, cheese curd, type thing ( to be graphic) so I've written down that information on this weeks newsletter about the CDSA / DSAP testing, and will see if its available here in Canada and if so get it done…I've just completed what they call here, FOBT, Fecal Ocult Bloot Test, from stool smears, testing for cancer, no results as of yet, just a "over 50" test I initiated…

re. "I'm not sure by your post what changed in your regime, diet, supplements etc…from having a bowel movement every other day and struggling to now 2-3 times a day and loose stool.  You lost me a little bit there."  sorry for any confusion, before when I ate whatever I wanted, drank and partied too much,,had irregular bowel movements (5.5 years ago), then made lifestyle changes, quit drinking, smoking, drugs, bad relationship, too responsibility for my life and started an exercise regime Surprised and fell across the fibre35 email then the book, the my first cleanse, etc..so ever since say 4.5 years ago, been having regular bowel movements again, but was doing a cleanse like every 3 months and then would be struggling between cleanses to go eliminate. so then I decided just buy the cleansemore, its herbal, its gotta be better than whats out there, and have been on ever since, now 2 years, my frequency is up and consistency is poor, so obviously I need to make a change, with your help.  You mentioned oils, in what format? I must mention I am on a fixed income so I do have to pick and choose whats important to purchase for me. If there are any coupons you could send my way as I haven't seen any renew life coupons at the health food store for quite some time, that would be most appreciated.

Thank you again for you time and help Brenda.. Wink I hope I've answered all your questions and haven't left anything out..I can provide you with my email if there is more indepth information you would like.

Robbie

August 18, 2011
2:51 pm
avatar
bwatson
Admin
Forum Posts: 1712
Member Since:
March 4, 2009
Offline

Dear Robbie,

Thank you for the compliments and so glad you like the Fiber 35 book.  A long term issue with any product containing aloe, rhubarb etc is there could be a staining of the colon epithelial cells which is harmless and disappears after discontinuation.  Now with that said we do say Cleansemore is for occasional constipation, as any natural laxative has to say required by the FDA.  We also say that because it is always best to try and determine the cause of your chronic constipation issues and there are many verses just taking something to stimulate that movement.  Obviously – lack of fiber, dehydration, lack of essential fatty acids, imbalance of gut bacteria, imbalance of intestinal pH, magnesium deficiency, too much calcium supplements,  lack of exercise, overgrowth of pathogens, yeast, fungi, parasite infestation, food sensitivities to gluten or dairy,  medication side effects, physiological structure of colon to name a few.  And it can be a combination of several of these together that is a problem.  We are always suggesting people try the simplest things such as increase fiber, increase water, take probiotics, take omega oils etc… while using the cleansemore as needed.  Certainly if someone has to be on oppiate/pain medication and this is destroying the abiltiy to go to the bathroom it is better to take something everyday in order to have a bowel movement than to go without.  Make sense.  Seems like you know alot about food, water, exercise but may not have tried to incorporate other things such as probiotics, oils, magnesium, etc….to see if this is the missing picture for you.  I know if I do not take my oils everyday I can get constipated.  

Cleansmore, like you mentioned, is not a harsh laxative and the largest ingredient is magnesium hydroxide. But it is still considered a laxative.  

now I have not heard of anyone reacting to cleansemore with heartburn or feeling burning in the stomach, but it may be that you could have that with any herbal supplement if you do not take with enough water.  You mentioned you drank more water with the capsules and did that resolve the problem?

You also mention that now you are having more frequent and loose stools. I would suggest you slow down on the cleansemore, maybe down to one in the evening or even every other day.  Try incorporating some magnesium, omega oils, probiotics and see if your bowel movements improve and you can wean down on the cleansemore.  

I'm not sure by your post what changed in your regime, diet, supplements etc…from having a bowel movement every other day and struggling to now 2-3 times a day and loose stool.  You lost me a little bit there.  

Brenda Watson

August 17, 2011
1:22 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest
August 17, 2011
1:21 pm
avatar
Robbie
Guest

Hi Brenda,

 

I feel honoured to be speaking with you…ever since making lifestyle changes in my life 5 years I am a changed man. Some of those changes inlcuded cleansing every 6 months and reading your Fibre35 book, which is now my bible ( and I promote every chance I get ). But unfortunately for me, with all the water and proper eating, exercise (major cyclist for one year now, my best day is 45km) I still have bowel elimination issues, always have all my life…but since learning about the cleansmore through the cleansesmart cleanse I decided it was the least worse of all evils, re laxatives, harsh chemicals, prescriptions etc… to take on a daily basis and have done so for 2 years now. So my question is, are there any known long term side effects or issues that you or your colleagues are aware of? Reason I ask as recently I have been having alot of activity in the heart area that turned out to be acid reflux, which was determined by the results of an excellent stress test I did 2 weeks ago, and I am 50 years and was able to maintain my target of 180bpm 3mins longer than the test required, doctor was impressed. I do notice that I get a feeling of burning in those first 30 mins after taking the 2 cleansmore capsules, so I just dose that with even more water, but I think I recall this occurring even right from the begginning of trying your product…. Did I mention I'm a wateraholic! I drink nothing else…no pop!  LOL, I don't smoke, drink alcohol, cafeine, drugs, white sugar, white bread, am a rice, chicken, fish kinda guy. So am doing everything right as my doctor says….So now I am on lowsec 20mg per day and the activity in my chest has pretty much stopped except for some minor palpatations but am afraid to stop (for testing purposes) the cleansemore in fear of plugging up! my fibre intake is about 45-65g per day and can't physically eat much more of anything than that in a day, lol, Im not a big guy, 5'9", 32" waist, 163lbs. My breakfast consist of a frozen fruit smoothie, that I've bought, washed, cored n froze, yohgurt, apple juice, low acid. 2 whole or ancient grains toast with margarine. For the past little while been having chicken noodle soup and 1 slice of rye bread folded over with smoked turkey breast, mustard, lettuce. for supper to bland out my diet to get the acid under control and of course that worked, but continued with my cleansemore…but generally my dinner will be rice veggies baked chicke breast, skinless, boneless, steamed veggies, margarine, black pepper, and with summer the odd BBQ burger here and there wth the thinsations buns…or baked fish…so nothing deep fried.. 

Now if I may get more detailed – sorry everyone, the bowel movements are not really solid anymore, only to a degree somewhat at first, if you know what I mean. I go say 2 – 3 times daily now when before all my awakening, I was lucky to go once every other day…and that was a struggle.  FYI, I had my gallbladder removed 5 years ago, laprascopically, and am and always have been a vitamin supplement person, re. multiple vit, vit C timed release 1000mg x 3, Cal/Mag 175mg/350mg x 4….I take the Vit C for general health and antioxidant, Cal/mag to help me get to sleep and stay asleep plus am not a big dairy person, basically only yohgurt and the very odd glass of chocolate milk…now having said that..I just bought some swiss cheese to put on those sandwiches I described, LOL…

 

of course I am not perfect the odd time I do have a chocolate bar, or am taken to a buffet and over eat just like everyone else…I didn't want people to think I was paiting a false picture of myself

 

Thank you for your time, any thoughts and suggestions, oh wise one  :)) bowing down with arms in the air,  :))

Forum Timezone: UTC -5

Most Users Ever Online: 37

Currently Online:
14 Guest(s)

Currently Browsing this Page:
1 Guest(s)

Top Posters:

healthy4: 27

thinsgreat: 26

erinlee289: 15

mindy66: 14

reba: 14

nanc0821: 13

Member Stats:

Guest Posters: 186

Members: 8989

Moderators: 3

Admins: 6

Forum Stats:

Groups: 1

Forums: 2

Topics: 1250

Posts: 3431

Newest Members: rita33, ruthieg, kgsv3449, Ginnia, zipora12, mary1252

Moderators: rbingham (2), acurcione (3), custserv (65)

Administrators: admin (16), tfritz (16), jadams (0), bwatson (1557), bwsupport (0), mcronin (-1)

To top